루카스 크라나흐(Lucas Cranach) ③

루카스 크라나흐(Lucas Cranach) ③ <1472년~1553년> 독일의 화가     생애 프랑켄 지방의 크로나흐에서 태어났다. 초기의 크라나흐는 알브레히트 알트도르퍼와 볼프 후버 등과 이른바 도나우파(派)의 일각을 형성하고, 독일의 산림 풍경을 신선하고 서정적으로 그렸으며, 또 동시에 마티아스 그뤼네발트를 생각케 하는 표현주의적 색채가 농후하고 극적인 박력이 넘치는 작품을 남기고 있다.(전자의 예로서 베를린의 다렘 미술관 소장인 <이집트 도피 徐中의 휴식>, 후자의 예는 뮌헨의 알테 피나코테크 소장의 <십자가의 그리스도>를 들 수 있다)   1505년 비텐베르크에 이사한 그는 커다란 아틀리에를 차리고, 우미한 여성의 나체상과 신화화(神話畵)를 많이 그렸으며, 루터나 기타 저명인사의 초상화에도 걸작이 많다. 1537~1544년에 걸쳐 그곳 시장(市長)을 지냈던 그는 사회적으로 존경을 받았으며, 또한 루터의 종교개혁을 열렬하게 지지하기도 하였고, 만년에 가서는 바이마르의 궁정화가로 지내다가 1553년 거기에서 운명하였다. 또 이름이 같은 그의 아들(1515~1586)도 화가로서 부친의 조수·후계자가 되어 활약하였다.      Judith with the Head of Holofernes c. 1530 / Oil on wood, 87 x 56 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna   Law and Gospel 1529 / Limewood panel Schlossmuseum, Gotha   Lot and his Daughters 1528-30 / Oil and tempera on red beechwood, 57 x 39 cm Moravska Galerie, Brno   Madonna and Child with the Infant St John 1514 / Oil and tempera on wood, 71 x 44 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence   Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk in a Doctoral Hat c. 1520 / Oil and tempera on wood, 40 x 27 cm Private collection   New Testament in German Translated by Luther 1522 / Woodcut British Library, London   Pieta beneath the Cross c. 1510 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 63 x 41 cm Moravska Galerie, Brno   Portrait Diptych of Martin Luther and his Wife Katharina von Bora 1529 / Oil and tempera on red beechwood, 38 x 24 cm (each) Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt   Salome c. 1530 / Oil on poplar panel, 87 x 58 cm Szepmuveszeti Muzeum, Budapest   St Helena 1525 / Oil and tempera on red beechwood, 40 x 27 cm Art Museum, Cincinnati   St Jerome in the Desert c. 1525 / Oil and tempera on firwood, 90 x 67 cm Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck   St Mary Magdalen 1525 / Oil and tempera on beechwood, 48 x 30 cm Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, Cologne   The Bocca della Verita 1525-27 / Oil and tempera on red beechwood, 111 x 100 cm Private collection   The Death of Holofernes 1531 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 98 x 76 cm Schlossmuseum, Gotha   The Feast of Herod 1533 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 80 x 113 cm Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt   The Martyrdom of St Catherine 1504-05 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 112 x 95 cm Collection of the Reformed Church, Budapest   The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine c. 1516 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 68 x 47 cm Szepmuveszeti Muzeum, Budapest   The Temptation of St Antony 1506 / Woodcut, 406 x 270 mm Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt    Hunt in Honour of Charles V at the Castle of Torgau 1545 / Oil and tempera on wood, 118 x 178 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid   The Holy Kinship with a Self-Portrait 1510-12 / Tempera on wood, 89 x 71 cm Akademie der bildenden Kunste, Vienna     Reclining River Nymph at the Fountain 1518 / Oil on wood, 59 x 92 cm Museum der Bildenden Kunste, Leipzig     Nativity 1515-20 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 32 x 25 cm Gemaldegalerie, Dresden Judith Victorious c. 1530 / Beech panel, 75 x 56 cm Jagdschloss Grunewald, Berlin Martin Luther Wearing a Doctor's Cap 1521 / Engraving, 205 x 149 mm Kunstsammlungen, Weimar The Judgment of Paris c. 1513 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 43 x 32 cm Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth Martin Luther as an Augustinian Monk 1520 / Copperplate engraving, 141 x 97 mm Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt The Trinity Oil on wood Museum der Bildenden Kunste, Leipzig Martin Luther and Katharina von Bora 1526 / Panel, 23 x 16 cm (each) Wartburg-Stiftung, Eisenach Portrait Diptych 1509 / Oil and tempera on wood, 42 x 31 cm (each) National Gallery, London Portrait of a Clean-shaven Man Brush drawing British Museum, London Lucretia 1532 / Oil and tempera on red beechwood, 38 x 25 cm Akademie der bildenden Kunste, Vienna Landscape (fragment) 1525-30 / Oil and tempera on wood, 43 x 28 cm Private collection St Dorothea c. 1530 / Tempera on wood, 77 x 59 cm Akademie der bildenden Kunste, Vienna The Holy Family and The Education of the Virgin 1510-12 / Oil and tempera on wood, 77 x 30 cm (each) Anhaltische Gemaldegalerie, Dessau Salome with the Head of John the Baptist 1509-10 / Oil and tempera on oak, 61 x 50 cm Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon St Jerome Writing in a Landscape (detail) c. 1515 / Oil and tempera on wood JAPS Collection, Mexico City Madonna and Child with the Infant St John c. 1512 / Oil and tempera on limewood, 76 x 59 cm Private collection Stigmatisation of St Francis c. 1502 / Tempera on wood, 87 x 48 cm Osterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna Venus and Cupid 1509 / Oil on canvas transferred from wood 213 x 102 cm The Hermitage, St. Petersburg